Urinary System : Pathological Terminology and Associated Conditions
Pathological Terminology of Kidneys:
Renal cell carcinoma This 8-centimeter carcinoma of the lower pole of the kidney shows extension beyond the cortical surface, but it does not infiltrate the perinephric adipose tissue. Microscopically, it is of the clear cell type.
Glomerulonephritis:
Glomerulonephritis is the inflammation of the kidney glomerulus. It is also known as Bright’s disease.
Interstitial Nephritis:
Interstitial Nephritis is the inflammation of the renal interstitium.
Nephrolithiasis:
Nephrolithiasis is the formation of stones in the kidneys (renal calculi).
Nephrotic Syndrome:
A group of symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in the urine. It is also called as nephrosis.
Polycystic Kidneys:
Multiple fluid filled sacs (cyst) within and upon the kidney. Symptoms of polycystic kidneys are nephromegaly, hematuria, UTI, hypertension and uremia.
Pyelonephritis:
Pyelitis is the inflammation of renal pelvis. This common type of kidney disease is caused by bacterial infection.
Renal Cell Carcinoma:
Renal Carcinoma is the cancerous tumour of the kidney in adulthood. Symptoms of renal cell carcinoma include hematuria and the tumour metastasizes to the bone and the lungs.
Renal Failure:
Renal Failure is the inability of the kidneys to excrete urine.
Renal Hypertension:
Renal Hypertension is the high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease. It can cause arteriole walls in the kidney to become narrowed and thickened and this can produce glomerular ischemia, atrophy, and scarring of kidney tissue.
Wilm’s Tumor:
Wilm’s tumor is the malignant tumor of the kidneys occurring in the childhood.
Pathological terminology of Urinary Bladder:
Bladder Cancer:
Bladder Cancer is the malignant tumor of the urinary bladder.It is seen more frequently in men and in persons over 50, especially industrial workers who are exposed to dyes and leather. Symptoms of the bladder cancer include gross or microscopic hematuria and dysuria and increased urinary frequency.
Associated Pathological Conditions of the Urinary System:
Diabetes Insipidus:
Inadequate secretion or resistance of the kidney to action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Symptoms of this diabetes insipidus are polydipsia and polyuria.
Diabetes mellitus:
Inadequate secretion or improper utilization of insulin. Symptoms are glycosuria, hyperglycemia, polyurea and polydipsia.
