The European Union is turning up the heat on Apple, demanding the tech giant open its iOS and iPadOS operating systems to third-party developers and rival tech. The EU’s bold move comes under the Digital Markets Act (DMA), designed to tackle the dominance of major players like Apple. The stakes are high, with Apple potentially facing massive fines if it fails to comply.

The European Commission has launched two “specification proceedings,” targeting Apple’s control over interoperability between its devices and those of its competitors. These proceedings aim to force Apple to allow rival technologies, such as smartwatches and headphones, to connect seamlessly with its iPhone and iPad platforms. The EU’s executive body is demanding Apple make its systems open and interoperable, allowing consumers more freedom to switch between different devices.

The DMA, which came into effect earlier this year, specifically focuses on dismantling closed tech ecosystems. For Apple, this means that its famous “walled garden” approach could be under severe threat. By limiting the ability of third-party devices and apps to integrate smoothly with its systems, Apple has kept consumers locked into its ecosystem—something the EU is now determined to change.

According to insiders, the first proceeding is centred on how connected devices, such as smartwatches and earbuds from rival manufacturers, can achieve “effective interoperability” with Apple’s operating systems. The second focuses on Apple’s handling of developer requests for integrating with iOS and iPadOS, requiring them to be handled transparently and fairly.

EU’s tech crackdown: will Apple yield?

The Digital Markets Act represents a major regulatory shift for the European Union, one aimed at curbing the overwhelming control companies like Apple wield over the digital market. Apple’s proprietary approach has long been criticised, with the company maintaining strict control over both hardware and software, restricting competition. While the tech giant has offered some concessions in the EU, including providing mechanisms for third-party developers to request access, the Commission feels this is insufficient.

Apple, however, argues that its closed system has been integral in protecting users from privacy breaches and security risks. A spokesperson for the company suggested that complying with the EU’s demands could weaken user protections, potentially exposing consumers to cyber threats. Nevertheless, the EU is unwavering in its stance, threatening hefty fines—potentially up to 10% of Apple’s global revenue—if it continues to defy the DMA’s terms.

Expert opinions: Will Apple’s walled garden fall?

While Apple has managed to maintain its grip over its ecosystem for years, experts believe that the EU’s aggressive move could mark the beginning of the end for its closed systems. Tech analysts have pointed out that this regulation will lead to a more competitive landscape, giving consumers greater choice. Although this could initially disrupt the seamless user experience Apple is known for, some argue that a more open ecosystem could actually benefit Apple in the long run, by fostering innovation and reducing antitrust pressure.

Industry experts highlight that the battle between the EU and Apple is likely to escalate over the next six months, as the Commission investigates and demands compliance. The implications of this decision are far-reaching and could significantly impact how other tech giants, like Google and Meta, manage their ecosystems.

The future of digital markets regulation

The European Commission has already taken action against other tech giants, but this particular battle against Apple’s operating systems might set a legal precedent for future digital market regulations. If Apple concedes, it could lead to a new era of interoperability in the tech industry, where consumers no longer need to stay within one ecosystem. The outcome could also influence global regulatory bodies, potentially encouraging them to adopt similar measures.

As this regulatory showdown intensifies, all eyes will be on Apple to see whether it opens its doors to rival tech or continues to defend its ecosystem at all costs. This could be a defining moment for how Big Tech operates in Europe and beyond.

  Apple, European Commission, European Union, iOS, iPadOS, Margrethe Vestager