Is US facing new COVID-19 nightmare? KP.2 variant pushes hospitalization rates to record levels

The United States is grappling with the most severe COVID-19 surge since 2022, characterised by a sharp increase in hospitalisation rates and intensified viral activity. Recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) highlights a troubling rise in hospitalisation rates, which have surged from one person per 100,000 in May to four per 100,000 by the end of July 2024. This spike is attributed to a combination of waning immunity and the emergence of new COVID-19 variants, notably the KP.2 variant.

KP.2 Variant Causes Unprecedented Viral Activity

The KP.2 variant, along with two other strains evolved from the JN.1 variant, has led to an unprecedented level of viral activity in the United States. The CDC’s wastewater surveillance data indicates that KP.2 is now detectable in 100% of wastewater samples nationwide. This surge in viral activity is particularly alarming as it coincides with the summer months, traditionally a period of lower transmission rates.

The KP.2 variant’s rapid spread is contributing to record levels of COVID-19 cases and hospitalisations. The variant has demonstrated an increased ability to evade immunity, leading to higher rates of infection even among those who were previously vaccinated. This evolution in the virus’s behaviour is causing considerable concern among public health experts.

Expert Opinions on the Current Surge

Dr. Marlene Wolfe, an assistant professor of environmental health and public health at Emory University and a program director for WastewaterSCAN, has expressed significant concern over the situation. According to Dr. Wolfe, this current wave represents the highest level of viral activity ever recorded during a summer wave. She noted that the virus is circulating at unprecedented levels, which is exacerbated by the return of children to schools and a general decrease in public vigilance.

Dr. Wolfe emphasised that the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in all wastewater samples indicates widespread community transmission, which could lead to further strain on the healthcare system if not addressed promptly.

Vaccines and Public Health Response

In response to the surge, efforts are being made to roll out updated vaccines that target the KP.2 variant. Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna have developed new mRNA vaccines designed to offer enhanced protection against this variant. These vaccines are anticipated to become available in early September 2024, pending approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The rapid deployment of these vaccines is seen as a crucial step in controlling the current surge and mitigating its impact.

Novavax is also working on a protein-based vaccine to address the KP.2 variant, but its release may be delayed compared to the mRNA vaccines from Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna. The availability of these new vaccines could play a significant role in curbing the spread of the virus and providing additional protection to the population.

Continued Vigilance Required

The current surge underscores the ongoing threat posed by COVID-19, despite significant advancements in pandemic management. Public health experts are urging individuals to stay informed about their vaccination status, follow safety guidelines, and remain vigilant. This surge highlights the need for ongoing adaptation and vigilance as the virus continues to evolve and impact communities across the country.

The situation serves as a stark reminder that COVID-19 remains a significant public health challenge that requires persistent attention and proactive measures to manage effectively.