A fresh wave of Covid-19 concern has swept across Europe as a new variant, known as XEC, gains ground, showing signs of becoming the dominant strain. First detected in Germany in June 2024, the XEC variant is now spreading rapidly across several countries, including the United Kingdom, Denmark, and the Netherlands, prompting health experts to raise alarms. This new Covid variant, a recombinant of the Omicron subvariants KS.1.1 and KP.3.3, is more contagious and could potentially lead to a new surge in cases across Europe and beyond.

XEC variant: A new threat looms

The XEC variant, which combines genetic material from two different Omicron subvariants, KS.1.1 and KP.3.3, has demonstrated a higher transmission rate compared to its predecessors. The subvariant KS.1.1 carries mutations that enable it to bind more effectively to human cells, while KP.3.3 has mutations that increase its ability to infect cells. This unique combination has allowed XEC to spread faster across regions, raising the likelihood that it could outcompete other existing variants. Recent data shows that countries such as Denmark and Germany are reporting a rapid rise in cases, with a significant percentage of samples testing positive for XEC.

Health experts raise concerns

Public health experts have noted that the XEC variant could become the next major Covid strain in circulation within weeks to months if current trends continue. Some experts suggest that while the variant has a slight transmission advantage over other recent strains, current vaccines and booster shots should still provide adequate protection against severe illness. However, the variant’s rapid spread has led to calls for heightened vigilance and monitoring, especially in regions showing a faster uptick in cases.

Rising cases across Europe

The XEC variant has been detected in over 500 samples from numerous countries, including Poland, Norway, Luxembourg, Ukraine, and Portugal. In the United Kingdom, health authorities have reported a growing number of infections. Officials highlight that it is normal for viruses to mutate and evolve over time, and they continue to monitor the situation closely. The public is urged to remain vigilant and stay up to date with vaccinations, as they provide the best defence against severe outcomes from Covid-19.

Public health implications and measures

The potential dominance of the XEC variant poses several public health challenges. As it continues to spread, countries may need to consider reinstating some public health measures, particularly for high-risk populations. Health agencies recommend that people continue to follow basic preventive measures such as mask-wearing, frequent hand washing, and proper ventilation to limit the spread of the virus. Keeping up with vaccinations and booster shots remains crucial to protect against severe disease.

Expert opinions on future developments

Experts are divided on whether the XEC variant will cause a significant new wave of infections. Some believe that while it has a transmission advantage, it might not lead to a dramatic surge in cases given the population’s existing immunity levels from previous infections and vaccinations. However, the rapid evolution of the virus means that constant monitoring and preparedness are essential to avoid any unforeseen outbreaks.

The rise of the XEC variant serves as a reminder that the Covid-19 pandemic is far from over. As scientists and public health officials work to understand the implications of this new strain, the public must remain vigilant and adhere to preventive measures. Vaccinations, boosters, and good hygiene practices will be key in managing the impact of the XEC variant and preventing a new wave of infections.

  COVID-19, Eric Topol, Francois Balloux, Mike Honey, Omicron, Scripps Research Translational Institute, UK Health Security Agency, University College London, XEC Variant