Bangladesh on edge: PM Sheikh Hasina resigns and escapes as protesters overrun Presidential residence

Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has resigned and fled the country following intense and deadly protests against her government. The protests, initially sparked by grievances over job quotas, rapidly escalated into a broader movement demanding Hasina’s resignation, culminating in a dramatic and violent upheaval that has led to her departure and the announcement of an interim government.

Hasina’s Resignation and Exile

Sheikh Hasina’s resignation marks the end of her 15-year second term as Prime Minister, extending her total rule to 20 of the last 30 years. Her exit came after violent clashes and a government crackdown that left hundreds dead. Protesters, enraged by the government’s handling of job quotas and subsequent violence, stormed the presidential residence, looting furniture and destroying symbols of the regime. In the capital, Dhaka, demonstrators defaced a statue of Hasina’s father, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, symbolising the intense discontent against her administration.

Sheikh Hasina departed Bangladesh for safety at the insistence of her family. Her son, Sajeeb Wazed Joy, told the BBC World Service that Hasina was disheartened by the opposition she faced despite her significant efforts and achievements. Joy confirmed that she would not seek to return to politics.

Formation of Interim Government

Army Chief General Waker-Uz-Zaman announced Hasina’s resignation in a televised address and stated that an interim government would be established. General Zaman, who assumed his position only a few weeks ago, indicated that discussions were ongoing with various political leaders, excluding Hasina’s Awami League party. He emphasised that the country was in a revolutionary period and assured the public that justice would be served for the victims of the recent violence. Zaman urged citizens to avoid further violence and to return to peaceful protests.

Reports suggest that Hasina arrived at a military airfield near Delhi, India, though this could not be independently confirmed. The Bangladesh Air Force plane, which left the country, reportedly disappeared from tracking systems near Delhi, hinting at her covert relocation to safety. Indian news sources indicated that she was met by India’s National Security Adviser Ajit Doval and senior military officials upon arrival.

Protests and Violent Clashes

The unrest began with student protests over job quotas, which reserve public sector positions for war veterans, a policy perceived to favour the ruling party’s allies. The demonstrations grew into widespread calls for Hasina’s resignation, and the government’s response was marked by severe violence. Over the past month, approximately 250 people have been killed, and thousands more injured, amid reports of attacks, vandalism, and arson targeting government and Awami League properties.

The government’s imposition of a nationwide curfew and a three-day general holiday from Monday aimed to curb the violence. However, clashes between police and protesters continued, resulting in additional fatalities.

International and Domestic Reactions

International and domestic responses to Hasina’s departure vary. Critics and human rights groups have accused her administration of excessive force against protesters. In contrast, Hasina’s supporters argue that she transformed Bangladesh from a struggling state into a rising economic power. Her tenure saw significant economic growth, although recent years have been marred by economic stagnation and rising unemployment.

Internationally, the United Nations and major world powers have called for calm and a peaceful transition of power. UN Secretary-General António Guterres expressed concern over the violence and urged all parties to engage in constructive dialogue. The US State Department also issued a statement urging the new interim government to uphold democratic principles and protect human rights.

Domestically, Tarique Rahman, acting chairman of the opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), celebrated Hasina’s resignation as a victory for the people. Rahman called for a democratic and developed Bangladesh where all citizens’ rights are protected, as he posted on social media platform X. Many citizens, particularly the younger generation, view this as an opportunity for significant political reform and greater transparency in governance.

Expert Opinion

The events in Bangladesh reflect a dramatic shift in the country’s political landscape. Sheikh Hasina’s departure, driven by intense public dissatisfaction and violent unrest, signals a critical juncture for Bangladesh. The formation of an interim government represents a potential turning point, though the long-term stability of the nation remains uncertain. Political analysts emphasize the importance of this transitional period in setting the groundwork for future democratic governance.

Experts highlight that the interim government’s approach to addressing the underlying issues that led to the crisis, such as corruption, economic disparity, and political repression, will be crucial. The international community will be watching closely as Bangladesh navigates this period of upheaval, with particular attention to the interim government’s adherence to human rights and democratic norms.

Summing it Up

Bangladesh faces a period of significant uncertainty following Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s resignation and exile amid violent protests and a government crackdown. The establishment of an interim government led by Army Chief General Waker-Uz-Zaman marks the beginning of a potentially transformative era for the country. As Bangladesh navigates this tumultuous period, the actions of its new leaders and the response of the international community will be critical in determining its future trajectory.

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Why did Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina resign and flee Bangladesh?

Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina resigned and fled Bangladesh due to intense and deadly protests against her government. The protests, initially sparked by grievances over job quotas, escalated into a broader movement demanding her resignation. Violent clashes and a severe government crackdown left hundreds dead, prompting Hasina to leave the country for her safety.

What led to the violent protests in Bangladesh?

The protests began with student grievances over job quotas that reserve public sector positions for war veterans, which were seen as favoring the ruling party’s allies. This dissatisfaction quickly expanded into broader demands for Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s resignation. The government’s violent response to the protests further fueled the unrest.

Who is leading the interim government in Bangladesh?

Army Chief General Waker-Uz-Zaman announced the formation of an interim government following Sheikh Hasina’s resignation. He emphasized that the country was in a revolutionary period and assured the public that justice would be served for the victims of the recent violence.

Where did Sheikh Hasina go after leaving Bangladesh?

Reports suggest that Sheikh Hasina arrived at a military airfield near Delhi, India. The Bangladesh Air Force plane that transported her reportedly disappeared from tracking systems near Delhi, indicating a covert relocation to safety. Indian news sources indicated that she was met by India’s National Security Adviser Ajit Doval and senior military officials upon arrival.

How has the international community reacted to the crisis in Bangladesh?

The international community, including the United Nations and major world powers, has called for calm and a peaceful transition of power. UN Secretary-General António Guterres expressed concern over the violence and urged all parties to engage in constructive dialogue. The US State Department urged the interim government to uphold democratic principles and protect human rights.

Q6: What are the economic implications of Sheikh Hasina’s resignation for Bangladesh?

Sheikh Hasina’s resignation and the ensuing political instability could impact Bangladesh’s economic growth. Her tenure saw significant economic development, but recent years have faced economic stagnation and rising unemployment. The interim government’s ability to stabilize the country will be crucial for maintaining economic progress.

How did the public react to Sheikh Hasina’s resignation?

Public reactions were mixed. Many protesters and opposition supporters celebrated her resignation as a victory for the people. However, her supporters argue that she transformed Bangladesh from a struggling state into a rising economic power. The intense public dissatisfaction that led to her departure highlights deep-rooted issues within the country.

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Background on Job Quota Protests:

The job quota system in Bangladesh reserves 56% of public sector jobs for specific groups, including war veterans, women, and ethnic minorities. Students and young professionals have protested against this system, arguing that it limits opportunities for meritorious candidates. The protests over job quotas were a catalyst for the larger movement against Sheikh Hasina’s government.

Previous Protests and Government Crackdowns:

Bangladesh has a history of political unrest and violent crackdowns on protests. In 2018, students protested against unsafe roads after two teenagers were killed by a speeding bus. The government’s heavy-handed response to these protests included police violence and arrests, similar to the recent crackdown on job quota protesters.

Political Reforms and Corruption Allegations:

Sheikh Hasina’s government has been accused of corruption and nepotism. Critics argue that her administration failed to address these issues, leading to widespread public discontent. The formation of the interim government provides an opportunity for political reforms, but its success will depend on its ability to address these longstanding problems.

International Concerns and Human Rights:

Human rights organizations have raised concerns about the excessive use of force by the Bangladeshi government. Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have called for restraint and urged the interim government to ensure the protection of human rights. The international community is closely monitoring the situation to ensure that human rights are upheld during this transitional period.

Impact on Regional Stability:

The political instability in Bangladesh has implications for regional stability in South Asia. Neighboring countries, including India and Myanmar, are wary of potential spillover effects. The international community’s support and involvement will be crucial in helping Bangladesh navigate this period of upheaval and maintain regional stability.

Economic Challenges and Prospects:

Bangladesh’s economy, which has grown rapidly in recent years, faces challenges due to political instability. Key sectors such as textiles, manufacturing, and agriculture could be affected. The interim government’s policies and actions will play a crucial role in determining the country’s economic prospects moving forward.