Rival protests in Seoul highlight deep political divide over impeached President Yoon Suk Yeol

Tensions in South Korea reached a boiling point on Saturday as rival protests erupted in Seoul, revealing a nation divided over the impeachment of President Yoon Suk Yeol. Demonstrators on opposing sides gathered just a few hundred metres apart, with anti-Yoon protesters calling for his resignation and supporters demanding his reinstatement. This political unrest stems from Yoon’s controversial declaration of martial law earlier this month, which was swiftly rescinded but left a lasting impact on the country’s political stability.

The Martial Law Controversy and Impeachment Fallout

President Yoon Suk Yeol‘s impeachment on December 9 followed his short-lived declaration of martial law just six days earlier. The move was ostensibly intended to quell alleged election irregularities and address supposed threats from “anti-state” elements, which Yoon claimed were undermining national security. However, critics dismissed these claims as baseless, arguing that the declaration was an unprecedented overreach of executive power.

Although martial law was revoked within hours, it triggered a swift response from the National Assembly, which accused Yoon of violating constitutional principles. His impeachment has temporarily suspended his presidential powers, transferring executive authority to Prime Minister Han Duck-soo, who now serves as acting president. Yoon remains in office but has refused to comply with investigators examining whether the martial law declaration constituted insurrection.

Protests Reflect Political Polarisation

The rival demonstrations in Seoul’s Gwanghwamun district underscored the deep divisions within South Korean society. On one side, anti-Yoon protesters—many of them younger citizens—used creative methods to amplify their message, incorporating K-pop symbols and music into their rally. They carried banners demanding Yoon’s immediate resignation and arrest, framing his actions as a threat to democracy.

Meanwhile, Yoon’s supporters, primarily older and more conservative, rallied in defence of the impeached leader. They claimed that the impeachment process was politically motivated and expressed fears about perceived socialist influences infiltrating the government. The pro-Yoon faction also raised concerns about electoral integrity, echoing the President’s claims of fraud.

Both gatherings remained largely peaceful, but the stark contrast in tone and messaging highlighted a widening generational and ideological rift in the country.

Constitutional Crisis Tests Democratic Institutions

The impeachment now rests with the Constitutional Court, which has up to 180 days to render a decision. The court’s ruling will determine whether Yoon is permanently removed from office or reinstated. With only six of the nine judicial seats currently occupied, a unanimous decision is required, adding another layer of complexity to the process.

Experts have pointed out that this case is not just about one leader but about the resilience of South Korea’s democratic institutions. Legal analysts suggest that the court’s deliberations will set an important precedent for addressing constitutional breaches by sitting presidents.

Economic and Global Repercussions

The political instability has also raised concerns about its impact on South Korea’s economy and international relations. Market analysts have noted increased volatility in recent weeks, with investors wary of potential disruptions to economic policies. A prolonged crisis could undermine South Korea’s standing as a stable economic power in the region, particularly as global markets contend with uncertainty.

The country’s diplomatic relationships are also under scrutiny. Allies such as the United States and Japan are closely monitoring the situation, given South Korea’s strategic role in East Asian security and trade.

Looking Ahead: A Nation at a Crossroads

As South Korea navigates this political and constitutional crisis, the stakes are higher than ever. The outcome of the impeachment proceedings will not only shape President Yoon’s political future but also influence how the nation addresses executive overreach and upholds democratic principles.

This period of uncertainty has tested South Korea’s democratic resilience, forcing both its leaders and citizens to confront difficult questions about governance, accountability, and the rule of law. Whether through court rulings, legislative reforms, or public action, the decisions made in the coming months will leave an indelible mark on the nation’s political landscape.